What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during a woman’s reproductive years. They are made of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size, from very small to large growths that change the shape of the uterus. Fibroids are common and, in many cases, do not cause symptoms.
What Causes Fibroids?
The exact cause is not fully understood, but their growth is linked to:
- Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone
- Family history (having a mother or sister with fibroids increases risk)
- Age (most common in women in their 30s and 40s)
Common Symptoms
Some women never have symptoms, but when present, fibroids may cause:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pressure or pain
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty getting pregnant (in some cases)
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are often found during a routine pelvic exam. Your gynecologist may recommend:
- Ultrasound to confirm the presence and size of fibroids
- MRI or other imaging for detailed evaluation if needed
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on your symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and your personal goals (such as preserving fertility). Options include:
- Watchful waiting: If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms
- Medications: To control bleeding or shrink fibroids temporarily
- Minimally invasive procedures: Such as uterine artery embolization (blocking blood supply to shrink fibroids)
- Surgical options:
- Myomectomy – removal of fibroids while keeping the uterus
- Hysterectomy – removal of the uterus, considered when symptoms are severe and other treatments are not effective
Living With Fibroids
Many women live comfortably with fibroids, while others may need treatment to relieve symptoms. If you experience heavy bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or fertility concerns, talk with your gynecologist to discuss the best management plan for you.
