What Is Endometrial Ablation?
Endometrial ablation is a procedure that removes or destroys the lining of the uterus (endometrium). Since this lining is what causes menstrual bleeding, the procedure can make periods much lighter, and for some women, stops them altogether. It is a treatment option for heavy menstrual bleeding when medications or a hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) have not helped.
Endometrial ablation is done through the vagina and cervix, without any cuts or external incisions.
Who May Benefit?
Your doctor may recommend endometrial ablation if you have:
- Very heavy periods that interfere with daily life
- Periods that last longer than usual (often more than 7–8 days)
- Anemia (low blood count) caused by heavy bleeding
Who Should Not Have Ablation?
Endometrial ablation is not recommended if you:
- Want to have children in the future
- Have uterine cancer or a high risk for cancer
- Have certain abnormalities of the uterus (such as large fibroids)
- Have a pelvic infection
How the Procedure Is Done
Endometrial ablation can be done in the office or hospital. The cervix is gently opened to allow instruments to reach the uterus. Several safe, effective techniques may be used, including:
- Heated balloon therapy
- Radiofrequency energy (uses electrical energy to remove the lining)
- Cryotherapy (freezing the lining)
The method used will depend on your specific needs and your doctor’s recommendation. The procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes, and most women go home the same day.
Recovery
- Mild cramping, watery discharge, or light bleeding may occur for a few days.
- Most women return to normal activities within 1–2 days.
- Your periods may become lighter or stop over the next few months.
Risks
Endometrial ablation is considered very safe. Rare risks include:
- Infection
- Injury to the uterus or nearby organs
- Fluid buildup in the uterus if tissue blocks the outflow of blood
Important Considerations
- Endometrial ablation is not a form of birth control. You will still need contraception if you are sexually active and do not want pregnancy.
- Pregnancy after ablation is not common or advised and may carry higher risks, such as miscarriage, abnormal placental attachment, or preterm birth.
- Because outcomes are less predictable, it is important to discuss long-term contraception with your doctor if you do not plan to become pregnant.
