What Is a LEEP?
A LEEP is a minor procedure used to remove abnormal cells from the cervix. It is most often recommended when a Pap test, HPV test, or biopsy shows precancerous changes in cervical cells. The procedure uses a thin wire loop with a gentle electrical current to remove the abnormal tissue safely and precisely. The removed tissue is then sent to the lab for further testing.
Why Is LEEP Done?
Your doctor may recommend LEEP if:
- Your Pap smear or biopsy shows moderate to severe abnormal cells (cervical dysplasia)
- A colposcopy (exam of the cervix with a special microscope) shows areas of concern
- Tissue samples need to be removed for both diagnosis and treatment
What to Expect During the Procedure
LEEP may be performed either in the office or in the operating room, depending on individual needs, comfort level, and medical history.
- Local anesthesia is usually used to numb the cervix, but sedation or anesthesia may be used if the procedure is done in the operating room.
- A speculum is placed to gently hold the vaginal walls open.
- A colposcope is used to closely examine the cervix.
- A mild solution may be applied to highlight the abnormal tissue.
- The wire loop is used to remove the abnormal cells, and a solution or paste is applied to help control bleeding.
- Some people experience mild cramping or pressure during the procedure.
After the Procedure
- You can usually go home shortly afterward.
- Mild cramping, light bleeding, or a brown discharge is normal for several days.
- Avoid sexual intercourse, tampons, douching, and heavy lifting for about 3–4 weeks (or as directed by your doctor) to allow healing.
- A follow-up Pap and/or HPV test will be scheduled to make sure all abnormal cells are gone.
Risks and Possible Complications
LEEP is considered very safe, but some risks include:
- Bleeding or infection
- Narrowing or scarring of the cervix (rare)
- Small increased risk of preterm birth in future pregnancies, especially if multiple LEEP procedures are needed
When to Call Your Doctor
Contact your doctor right away if you have:
- Heavy bleeding (soaking a pad in less than an hour)
- Large blood clots
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fever or foul-smelling discharge
