What Is a D&C?
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a short procedure in which the cervix (the opening of the uterus) is gently widened, and tissue from inside the uterus is removed. This is usually done using a thin instrument or gentle suction. The tissue is often sent to the lab for testing.
Why Is a D&C Performed?
Your doctor may recommend a D&C to:
- Diagnose the cause of abnormal or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Remove uterine polyps or tissue after a miscarriage or incomplete pregnancy loss
- Evaluate or confirm conditions such as endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining) or endometrial cancer
- Perform treatment together with a hysteroscopy for better visualization of the uterine cavity
Preparation
Before the procedure:
- Tell your doctor about all medications, including blood thinners, and whether you have allergies to medicines or anesthesia.
- You may be asked to stop certain medications before the procedure.
- Most women do not need special preparation, though some may receive medicine to help soften the cervix.
What Happens During the Procedure?
- You will receive anesthesia (local, sedation, or general, depending on your situation).
- A speculum is placed in the vagina, and the cervix is gently opened.
- A thin instrument or suction device is used to remove a small amount of uterine tissue.
- Often, a hysteroscope (a small camera) is used at the same time for better accuracy and safety.
- The procedure usually takes less than 20 minutes.
After the Procedure
- You can usually go home the same day after a short recovery period.
- Mild cramping or light spotting for a few days is normal.
- Avoid sexual intercourse, tampons, and douching until your doctor says it is safe (usually about 1–2 weeks).
- Your next period may be earlier or later than expected.
Call your doctor right away if you notice:
- Heavy bleeding (soaking more than one pad per hour)
- Severe abdominal pain not relieved by medication
- Fever or chills
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Possible Risks and Complications
Serious complications are uncommon, but may include:
- Infection
- Perforation of the uterus (rare, usually heals on its own)
- Scar tissue inside the uterus (Asherman’s syndrome), especially after a miscarriage or pregnancy — this can affect future fertility, though it is uncommon
Benefits
- Quick and safe procedure without external cuts or stitches
- Helps diagnose causes of abnormal bleeding or fertility problems
- Clears tissue that remains in the uterus after miscarriage, which helps prevent infection and heavy bleeding
- Provides important information for treatment planning
Who Should Not Have a D&C?
D&C is not recommended if you are pregnant, unless it is being done to treat a miscarriage or pregnancy loss. Your doctor may also recommend an alternative approach if you have bleeding disorders or other medical conditions that make anesthesia unsafe.
