STD/STI Screening and Treatment
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), commonly referred to as STDs, are infections passed primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. They can also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth, and less commonly through shared needles or blood exposure.
STIs are a significant health concern because they may cause infertility, chronic pelvic pain, pregnancy complications, and certain cancers if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing long-term health problems.
Common STIs and Symptoms
STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Common infections include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B, and HIV.
Symptoms vary but may include:
- Burning during urination
- Vaginal or penile discharge
- Genital or oral sores
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Unusual bleeding or rash
Some STIs cause no symptoms, so regular screening is important even when you feel well.
Testing and Screening Guidelines
All adults aged 13–64 should be tested for HIV at least once, with repeat testing based on risk. Sexually active women under 25 and women over 25 with new or multiple partners should be screened annually for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Pregnant women are screened early in pregnancy for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, and chlamydia, with additional tests for gonorrhea or hepatitis C when indicated.
Testing typically involves a urine sample, vaginal or cervical swab, blood test, or throat or rectal swab, depending on the infection.
Treatment and Follow-Up
Most bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics. Viral infections such as herpes, hepatitis B, or HIV cannot be cured but can be effectively managed with antiviral medications to reduce symptoms and transmission risk. Partners should be tested and treated as well, and patients are advised to avoid sexual activity until treatment is complete. Follow-up testing may be recommended to confirm the infection has cleared.
Prevention and Routine Care
Regular screening, condom use, vaccination against HPV and hepatitis B, and open communication with your healthcare provider are the best ways to protect your sexual health.
Your Care First Women’s Health provider can recommend a personalized screening schedule based on your age, sexual activity, and risk factors.
