What is Colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, or vulva when there are concerns about abnormal cells or other changes. A special lighted microscope called a colposcope allows your provider to view the tissue in detail. The colposcope remains outside the body and does not touch the skin.
Why is a Colposcopy Performed?
A colposcopy may be recommended if:
- A Pap test or HPV test shows abnormal results
- There are genital warts, polyps, or areas of irritation on the cervix or vulva
- There is unexplained bleeding or pain
- Your provider needs a closer look to evaluate a previous finding
A colposcopy helps determine whether the cells are normal, inflamed, pre-cancerous, or rarely cancerous. It does not treat the condition, but helps guide the next steps in care.
What to Expect During the Procedure
A colposcopy is done in the office and feels similar to a pelvic exam.
- You will lie on the exam table with your feet supported.
- A speculum is placed in the vagina to allow the cervix to be seen.
- The colposcope is positioned just outside the vaginal opening.
- A mild solution is applied to highlight any areas that need closer evaluation.
- If an abnormal area is identified, a small biopsy may be taken. You may feel brief pressure or cramping during this part.
After the Procedure
Most people are able to return to normal activities right away. If a biopsy was taken, you may notice light spotting or mild cramping for a few days. Avoid intercourse and tampons use for as long as directed by your provider.
Possible Risks
Colposcopy is generally very safe. Mild cramping or spotting is common after a biopsy. Contact your provider if you experience:
- Heavy bleeding (soaking a pad in an hour)
- Fever or chills
- Increasing pelvic pain
- Persistent or unusual discharge
